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Grossaktion Warsaw (1942)
The ''Grossaktion'' or ''Gross-Aktion'' Warsaw ((ドイツ語:Großaktion Warschau, Great Action)) was a secretive Nazi German operation of the mass extermination of Jews from the Warsaw Ghetto beginning 22 July 1942.〔Robert Moses Shapiro, ( Holocaust Chronicles ) Published by KTAV Publishing Inc. 1999 ISBN 0-88125-630-7, 302 pages. ''Quote: ... the so-called Gross Aktion of July to September 1942... 300,000 Jews murdered by bullet of gas (page 35).''〕 During the ''Grossaktion'' Jews were terrorized in daily round-ups and herded into the ''Umschlagplatz'' square for the so-called "resettlement to the East". From there, they were sent aboard overcrowded Holocaust trains to the extermination camp in Treblinka.〔
The largest number of Warsaw Jews were transported to their deaths at Treblinka in the period between the Jewish holidays Tisha B'Av (23 July) and Yom Kippur (21 September) in 1942. The killing centre was set up from Warsaw only weeks earlier, specifically for the Final Solution. Treblinka was equipped with gas chambers disguised as showers for the "processing" of entire transports of people. Led by the SS-leader ''Brigadeführer'' Odilo Globocnik, the campaign codenamed Operation Reinhard became the critical part of the Holocaust in occupied Poland.
==History==
The Warsaw Ghetto was the largest World War II ghetto in all of Nazi occupied Europe, with over 400,000 Jews crammed into an area of , or 7.2 persons per room.〔(Warsaw Ghetto ), United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM), Washington, D.C.〕 The Nazi forces conducted most of the mass deportations of the ghetto inmates to Treblinka via pendulum trains carrying up to 7,000 victims each.〔 Every day, trains consisting of overcrowded boxcars departed twice from the railway collection point (''Umschlagplatz'' in German); the first in the early morning, and the second in the mid-afternoon.〔 The extermination camp received most of them between 23 July and 21 September 1942.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Aktion Reinhard ) Shoah Resource Center, The International School for Holocaust Studies. ''See: "Aktion Reinhard" named after Reinhard Heydrich, the main organizer of the "Final Solution"; also, Treblinka, 50 miles northeast of Warsaw, set up June/July 1942.''〕〔 Barbara Engelking-Boni; (Warsaw Ghetto Internet Database ) hosted by (Polish Center for Holocaust Research ) The Fund for support of Jewish Institutions or Projects, 2006.〕〔Barbara Engelking-Boni, (Warsaw Ghetto Calendar of Events: July 1942 ) ''Timeline. See: 22 July 1942 — the beginning of the great deportation action in the Warsaw ghetto; transports leave from Umschlagplatz for Treblinka.'' Publisher: Centrum Badań nad Zagładą Żydów IFiS PAN, (Warsaw Ghetto Internet Database ) 2006.〕 The ''Grossaktion'' (large-scale operation) was directed in the capital by SS- und Polizeiführer Ferdinand von Sammern-Frankenegg, the commander of the Warsaw area since 1941.〔The Nizkor Project, (Statement by Stroop to CMP investigators about his actions in the Warsaw Ghetto (24 February 1946) ) Wiesbaden, Germany, 24 February 1946.〕
The turning point in the life of the Ghetto was 18 April 1942, marked by a new wave of mass executions by the SS.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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